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General Ayub’s dramatic ascent to power in 1958 came after a decade of political turmoil. From 1947 to 1958, Pakistan was governed by four heads of state and seven prime ministers. The political jostling for power incapacitated the president, General Iskander Mirza, who suspended the parliament and appointed a new cabinet with General Ayub Khan as the new prime minister. However, within days, Ayub Khan turned the tables on General Mirza forcing him into a pensioned exile in London. General Ayub Khan declared himself the president of Pakistan on October 27 while he simultaneously held the office of the Chief Martial Law Administrator.
An objective review of General Ayub Khan’s policies and actions suggests that his primary motive was to sustain and prolong his rule as his regime sowed the seed, and generously watered the plant, for Bangladesh’s separation that came years later. He empowered the religious fundamentalists as he sought their support against Fatima Jinnah.
Criticism, personal wealth, and family
After 1965, the corruption in government, nepotism, and suppression of free speech, thought, and press increased unrest and turmoil in the country against the Ayub administration. Public criticism of his personal and son’s wealth increased and Ayub’s image was shattered when his son’s actions after his father’s election in the allegedly rigged 1965 Presidential elections against Fatima Jinnah is a subject of criticism by many writers. In 2003, the nephew of the Quaid-i-Azam, Akbar Pirbhai, reignited the controversy by suggesting that she was assassinated by the Ayub Khan establishment. His son, Gohar, said that he led a victory parade right into the heartland of opposition territory in Karachi in a blatantly provocative move and the civil administration’s failure to stop the rally led to fierce clashes between opposing groups with many locals being killed. Gohar Ayub Khan also faced criticisms during that time on questions of family corruption and cronyism through his business links with his father-in-law retired Habibullah Khan Khattak.
One Western commentator in 1969 estimated Gohar Ayub’s personal wealth at the time at $4 million, while his family’s wealth was put in the range of $10–20 million.
Ayub Khan is critiqued for the growth in income inequality 5 million people fell below the poverty line. He is also blamed for not doing enough to tackle the significant economic disparity between East and West Pakistan whilst he was aware of the acute grievances of East Pakistan he did try to address the situation. However, the Ayub Khan regime was so highly centralized that, in the absence of democratic institutions, densely populated and politicized East Pakistan province continued to feel it was being slighted.
Sadaf Farooq from the School of Politics and International Relations at the University of Reading argued that workers’ wages fell by 60% in the 1960s and the policy of promoting entrepreneur elite and Industrial cartels to get economic growth generated increasing regional and social tensions among the nation and the emergence of business and industrial cartels.

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• This topic was modified 4 years ago by  eman.

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